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hi everybody josh byerly here inside

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mission control houston we want to

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welcome you we want to say hello to our

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friends up there at the murphy

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elementary school in grand rapids

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minnesota i'm sitting beside karen

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nyberg astronaut and friend of mine who

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has lived not only on the bottom of the

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sea but also here on earth and also in

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space she lived aboard the international

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space station last year so she's here to

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take your questions she also is a native

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of your home state so let's go ahead and

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hi what inspired you to become an

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astronaut

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good morning first of all good morning

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to everybody in minnesota um i decided

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that i wanted to be an astronaut when i

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was really young probably about your age

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and honestly i don't know where that

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inspiration first came from

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you know potentially i saw the beginning

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of the space shuttle program and got

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excited about that i remember looking up

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at the moon and thinking how cool it

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would be to go there so i think there's

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a number of things that all work

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okay my name's steve lottie and when you

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did you want to be an astronaut if not

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when did you want to be an astronaut

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i did want to be an astronaut again like

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i said from when i was about um about

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your age that's what i decided i wanted

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to do and and all my friends knew that

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that's what i wanted to do and that's

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what i worked really hard for all the

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um what sacrifices have you had to make

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and what goals did you have to conquer

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to get where you are today

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there certainly were sacrifices

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especially as i was going through school

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there were times when my friends would

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be doing things especially when i got to

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college and i would have to study

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because i knew that to reach the goals

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that i had they were pretty lofty to be

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an astronaut and i knew that i'd have to

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get really good grades and so there were

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times when i would sacrifice my friends

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would be doing something on a friday

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afternoon or evening and i would stay

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home and study but i tried to balance it

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what kind of training have you went

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and

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have it did it prepare you for going

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from space

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we do a lot of training actually uh when

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we're training to to go into space we do

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everything from studying the systems i

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flew on the space shuttle so i learned

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all the systems of the space shuttle and

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then also the space station we have to

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know how it works so that if something

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goes wrong we can fix it

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we also train to do space walks we train

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to work on the robotic arm we train to

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work different science and a lot of the

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science that we work we don't train in

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depth on what the science means

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and how but we learn how to work the

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equipment

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and there's other training as well like

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learning to be a follower learning to be

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a leader and learning to be a member of

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a team and so a lot of the training that

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i did was just part of my life when i

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was on sports teams growing up and um

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and going i would i'd like to do some

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backpacking and that's good training

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because you learn how to to um have

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survival skills and to work as a team

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and so there's there's a lot of ways you

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what missions have you done what are you

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researching during those missions and

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what do you do with what you learn from

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the research

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in 2008 i had my first mission and that

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was on the space shuttle and we flew to

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the international space station and we

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installed the japanese laboratory so

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there wasn't a lot of research on that

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flight that one was mostly getting the

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space station built but we did do some

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research and a lot of that research was

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on our bodies and how our bodies react

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in space but just recently i flew a

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six-month mission on the international

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space station and that mission was a

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little different because i was living

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there and the goal was doing science and

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we do science for a lot of investigators

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around the world and so it's not

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specifically research that i'm doing for

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me i'm we do it on board for

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scientists all over who are trying to

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discover all sorts of things about about

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everything about how the bodies react in

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in microgravity and how materials react

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and how fluids react and how they can

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improve things for traveling into space

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in the future and also improve things on

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um what is the most difficult space

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mission that you have had

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can you say that one more time

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what is the most difficult space mission

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that you have had

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well the two missions that i've had like

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i said one was on the space shuttle and

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one was on the space station they were

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both difficult for different reasons the

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space shuttle mission was very busy we

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had only 14 days to do a lot of work and

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so that was a challenge in that regard

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the space station mission the difficulty

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in there was that you had to live away

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from home for almost six months and that

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can be hard because you're leaving

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you're leaving your home you're leaving

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your family for a long period of time so

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i wouldn't say one was more difficult

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than the other but they were difficult

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all right and thank you for these

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questions this is michael hair at the

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digital learning network a quick message

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for

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murphy elementary school if you could

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please have the children speak up loudly

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loud and proud we'd love to really hear

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your questions a little bit difficult

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with all the noise and mission control

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so definitely speak up when you're

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asking your questions thanks

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and you go ahead

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when in space what unusual or

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extraordinary things have you seen or

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experienced

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in space there's a lot of things that i

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would call extraordinary

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extraordinary in the fact that that you

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can float and it really is it really is

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an a unique and fun feeling to be able

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to

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stand on the wall put your feet on the

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wall flip upside down and also when you

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look outside it's it's very

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extraordinary i don't know if i'd call

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it unusual but but definitely

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extraordinary when you look out at the

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stars it's so dark and so black and the

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stars almost have colors it's just

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beautiful and watching sunrises and

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sunsets

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it's something that you can't put in a

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video or in pictures to really describe

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what it's like so i would definitely

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call that extraordinary about the aurora

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and the aurora is amazing i don't know

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if any of you you live far enough north

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you've probably seen the northern lights

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in minnesota and the green kind of

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dancing on the horizon and when you see

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it from space you see it over the

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surface of the earth and it is so

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what is your day-to-day life like on the

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space station for example how do you

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stay clean how do you sleep when and how

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do you eat

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day-to-day life is not a lot different

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actually than it is here and what you do

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i wake up to an alarm clock every

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morning and about six o'clock and i

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would go and

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have some coffee and have a little

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breakfast and then

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use the bathroom

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brush my teeth get ready uh for for like

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you the way you guys get ready for

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school and then then we work all day

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long um we communicate with the folks

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here in the mission control center and

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do the science that we're doing for all

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those people around the world and we

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also exercise a couple hours every day

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and then in the evening after we're done

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with all of our work we have dinner

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together usually as a crew and then a

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lot of times call home talk to my family

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and by that time the day is done and you

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set your alarm clock and go to bed and

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what are your hobbies in the spaceship

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or what do you do to pass

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time there you know the the weekdays go

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pretty fast and there's not a lot of

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time for hobbies but on the weekends we

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have

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saturdays we kind of do housekeeping for

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half the day and then the rest of the

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day is our own time and sunday is mostly

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our own time and i actually really

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enjoyed taking pictures and i'm not a

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photographer but when i was on space

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station i had so much fun playing with

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the cameras and the subject matter is

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fantastic in the earth and so i would

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play with the cameras and try different

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settings to get beautiful pictures to

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send to you guys on earth

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but also i i took up some sewing you may

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have heard and tried that a little bit i

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thought it would be interesting to see

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the differences of sewing because i like

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to do that it's one of my favorite

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hobbies on earth and so i took up some

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supplies and and tried tried my hand at

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that on a couple sunday afternoons when

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does zero gravity get frustrating while

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trying to eat sleep and do other

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activities

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that's a keen observation yes it

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actually does um eating what can happen

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sometimes depending on the food you have

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your food in a bag

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a lot of it and the things that were

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challenging were rice was one you put

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your spoon in and if it's not really

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sticky when you pull your spoon out

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little rice

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pieces of rice go floating all over and

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the same thing happened with scrambled

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eggs and some other things that we that

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would get frustrating and so you learn

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how to how to eat it after a while i

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would put my my spoon in the bag and

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kind of squish it together so i squish

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it into a big tight ball of rice before

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i took my spoon out of the bag so that

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could get frustrating and for sleeping

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i liked the feeling of something on my

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back when i sleep like you're laying in

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a bed so it would be a little

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uncomfortable for me to just hang there

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like you see pictures of a lot of people

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doing so i would sleep sideways

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sideways in my sleeping bag so that it

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pushed up against my knees and my back

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and i wanted to roll over and you can't

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roll over because you're not really

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laying down and so i just i felt this

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need to roll over in my bed and i

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couldn't so that got a little

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what are the physical effects of being

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in space and then coming back

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to earth

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well when we when we go to space our

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bodies are amazing they really try to

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adapt to to to the condition or whatever

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situation they're in and because there's

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no gravity there they don't we don't

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need bones to stand up we don't need the

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muscles that we need to move around so

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our bodies are really trying to adjust

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so we need to counteract that with a lot

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of exercise

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we notice that the fluids in our body

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kind of shift up gravity is not pulling

276
00:10:50,630 --> 00:10:48,399
them to our feet and some people end up

277
00:10:52,389 --> 00:10:50,640
looking a little puffy in the face and

278
00:10:53,750 --> 00:10:52,399
and you can definitely feel that in your

279
00:10:55,910 --> 00:10:53,760
head

280
00:10:57,990 --> 00:10:55,920
but when we come back to earth then it's

281
00:11:01,350 --> 00:10:58,000
especially bad if you haven't exercised

282
00:11:03,190 --> 00:11:01,360
but if you um your body then is trying

283
00:11:04,870 --> 00:11:03,200
to because of the fluid shifts your body

284
00:11:06,949 --> 00:11:04,880
actually has gotten rid of some of its

285
00:11:08,870 --> 00:11:06,959
its blood volume and when you come back

286
00:11:10,870 --> 00:11:08,880
to earth your body's trying to rebuild

287
00:11:12,949 --> 00:11:10,880
that blood and it makes you really tired

288
00:11:14,550 --> 00:11:12,959
that's one thing i noticed i was very

289
00:11:16,310 --> 00:11:14,560
tired when i came back and i think it's

290
00:11:19,269 --> 00:11:16,320
because my body was trying to get back

291
00:11:29,350 --> 00:11:19,279
to the normal normal blood levels that

292
00:11:33,910 --> 00:11:31,190
what kind of forces do you feel when

293
00:11:35,430 --> 00:11:33,920
taking off and landing

294
00:11:37,430 --> 00:11:35,440
well taking off when the when the

295
00:11:38,949 --> 00:11:37,440
engine's first light on the rocket it's

296
00:11:41,110 --> 00:11:38,959
kind of a rumble and you can feel the

297
00:11:43,509 --> 00:11:41,120
whole vehicle vibrating and then it

298
00:11:44,870 --> 00:11:43,519
starts to lift and you feel the gravity

299
00:11:46,389 --> 00:11:44,880
forces building and building and

300
00:11:48,710 --> 00:11:46,399
building you're feeling heavier in your

301
00:11:50,389 --> 00:11:48,720
seat and then once the engine's cut off

302
00:11:52,710 --> 00:11:50,399
and you're in space about eight minutes

303
00:11:53,990 --> 00:11:52,720
after you launch all of a sudden

304
00:11:56,069 --> 00:11:54,000
you notice everything's floating you

305
00:11:58,310 --> 00:11:56,079
feel very light we're pushed down in our

306
00:12:00,550 --> 00:11:58,320
seats but we could still our hands could

307
00:12:03,110 --> 00:12:00,560
would lift and everything

308
00:12:05,269 --> 00:12:03,120
coming back is is a lot different and

309
00:12:07,670 --> 00:12:05,279
i've come back now on the space shuttle

310
00:12:09,509 --> 00:12:07,680
and the soyuz capsule which the space

311
00:12:11,430 --> 00:12:09,519
shuttle lands like an airplane and it's

312
00:12:12,470 --> 00:12:11,440
pretty it's pretty

313
00:12:15,670 --> 00:12:12,480
calm

314
00:12:17,430 --> 00:12:15,680
you glide in and the the g-load so you

315
00:12:18,949 --> 00:12:17,440
start to feel about two and a half times

316
00:12:21,509 --> 00:12:18,959
your body weight as you come in but it's

317
00:12:22,550 --> 00:12:21,519
not so bad well in the soyuz it's just a

318
00:12:25,910 --> 00:12:22,560
capsule

319
00:12:28,069 --> 00:12:25,920
and it comes in and we reached a weight

320
00:12:30,310 --> 00:12:28,079
or a g load of almost five times our

321
00:12:32,870 --> 00:12:30,320
body weight so you felt pretty pretty

322
00:12:35,269 --> 00:12:32,880
heavy and then a parachute opens and

323
00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:35,279
your the capsule lands under a parachute

324
00:12:39,829 --> 00:12:38,240
and when that parachute opens it's very

325
00:12:41,750 --> 00:12:39,839
you're the capsule swaying around like

326
00:12:44,550 --> 00:12:41,760
this and it's it's like like a bad

327
00:12:46,949 --> 00:12:44,560
amusement park right i think

328
00:12:47,910 --> 00:12:46,959
it was fun but it was very very very

329
00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:47,920
rough

330
00:12:52,790 --> 00:12:50,480
and and then you land on the land and so

331
00:12:54,949 --> 00:12:52,800
it's almost like a small car crash on

332
00:12:57,269 --> 00:12:54,959
the ground and so you feel that too

333
00:12:59,030 --> 00:12:57,279
so um there there's a lot of a lot of

334
00:13:01,110 --> 00:12:59,040
feelings that your body get during both

335
00:13:09,829 --> 00:13:01,120
the space shuttle and and soyuz landing

336
00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:11,670
what kind of emotions do you go through

337
00:13:20,629 --> 00:13:19,200
um

338
00:13:21,990 --> 00:13:20,639
well i think

339
00:13:24,150 --> 00:13:22,000
the main thing

340
00:13:25,430 --> 00:13:24,160
leaving especially this last time when i

341
00:13:28,790 --> 00:13:25,440
knew i was going to be leaving for

342
00:13:30,949 --> 00:13:28,800
almost six months um

343
00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:30,959
the day of the day you're leaving is a

344
00:13:34,710 --> 00:13:32,800
little strange and you feel sad you know

345
00:13:37,590 --> 00:13:34,720
you're leaving your family but also

346
00:13:40,389 --> 00:13:37,600
we're trained to really um concentrate

347
00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:40,399
on the on the job that we're doing and

348
00:13:45,110 --> 00:13:42,240
try not to let the distractions of other

349
00:13:47,350 --> 00:13:45,120
things get in the way and so

350
00:13:49,509 --> 00:13:47,360
it's a lot of excitement in that case

351
00:13:51,269 --> 00:13:49,519
then it's almost like the anticipation

352
00:13:52,949 --> 00:13:51,279
when christmas is coming

353
00:13:55,030 --> 00:13:52,959
you're not nervous necessarily but

354
00:13:58,629 --> 00:13:55,040
there's this anxious anxious feeling

355
00:14:00,230 --> 00:13:58,639
that you have you're very excited

356
00:14:01,590 --> 00:14:00,240
to get going and when you're sitting in

357
00:14:03,750 --> 00:14:01,600
the rocket it almost feels like a

358
00:14:05,670 --> 00:14:03,760
simulation like you've been training but

359
00:14:08,629 --> 00:14:05,680
this time you know that it's for real

360
00:14:17,189 --> 00:14:08,639
and it's uh it's pretty neat i would say

361
00:14:21,189 --> 00:14:19,269
we read about you in time for kids and

362
00:14:23,430 --> 00:14:21,199
we want to know why you picked sally

363
00:14:25,910 --> 00:14:23,440
ride to be your hero

364
00:14:28,389 --> 00:14:25,920
yeah sally ride she's definitely a space

365
00:14:30,949 --> 00:14:28,399
hero and actually i think everybody all

366
00:14:33,350 --> 00:14:30,959
of the women that were selected when she

367
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:33,360
was as an astronaut she was in the class

368
00:14:36,629 --> 00:14:35,040
the first time they selected female

369
00:14:38,470 --> 00:14:36,639
astronauts and i think all those women

370
00:14:39,990 --> 00:14:38,480
really inspired me

371
00:14:41,509 --> 00:14:40,000
and she happened to be the first one

372
00:14:45,189 --> 00:14:41,519
from the united states that flew into

373
00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:45,199
space and so i know that um you know

374
00:14:49,670 --> 00:14:46,800
being the being the first of something

375
00:14:52,150 --> 00:14:49,680
always takes a little bit extra work and

376
00:14:53,990 --> 00:14:52,160
and so i know she worked really hard and

377
00:14:56,069 --> 00:14:54,000
it just really was an inspiration and it

378
00:14:58,069 --> 00:14:56,079
was when i was a child that she was she

379
00:15:00,310 --> 00:14:58,079
was doing that and so i know i

380
00:15:02,790 --> 00:15:00,320
definitely read about her also when i

381
00:15:11,110 --> 00:15:02,800
was in school and and just was really

382
00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:12,870
what kind of emergencies do you have to

383
00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:14,480
prepare for and how do you prepare for

384
00:15:19,110 --> 00:15:16,880
them we do have to train for emergencies

385
00:15:20,949 --> 00:15:19,120
that's for sure there are three big ones

386
00:15:23,269 --> 00:15:20,959
that we train for

387
00:15:25,430 --> 00:15:23,279
imagine if we were on the space station

388
00:15:27,509 --> 00:15:25,440
you can't just go outside if you have a

389
00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:27,519
fire in your house so we train we train

390
00:15:33,670 --> 00:15:31,040
for a fire we train for if the um you

391
00:15:36,150 --> 00:15:33,680
know there's a vacuum in space outside

392
00:15:38,069 --> 00:15:36,160
of of the space station and humans can't

393
00:15:39,590 --> 00:15:38,079
survive there so if we got a hole in the

394
00:15:41,590 --> 00:15:39,600
space station and it leaked all of the

395
00:15:44,629 --> 00:15:41,600
air out we would be in trouble so we

396
00:15:47,350 --> 00:15:44,639
also train for a depressurization it's

397
00:15:49,350 --> 00:15:47,360
called we also train for

398
00:15:52,629 --> 00:15:49,360
if there's a some kind of a toxic

399
00:15:54,230 --> 00:15:52,639
chemical like ammonia our cooling system

400
00:15:56,870 --> 00:15:54,240
that is outside of the space station

401
00:15:58,949 --> 00:15:56,880
that cools all of our electronics and us

402
00:16:01,030 --> 00:15:58,959
has ammonia in it and that is that's a

403
00:16:03,269 --> 00:16:01,040
deadly toxin and so if we were to get

404
00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:03,279
some of that in the air in the space

405
00:16:07,430 --> 00:16:05,600
station we would have to we'd have to

406
00:16:08,629 --> 00:16:07,440
take some action so we trained very hard

407
00:16:10,949 --> 00:16:08,639
here

408
00:16:13,069 --> 00:16:10,959
on the earth with our crewmates we learn

409
00:16:16,949 --> 00:16:13,079
what to do if there's a fire or a

410
00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:16,959
depressurization or some toxic spill and

411
00:16:20,790 --> 00:16:18,880
if it gets too bad what we would do is

412
00:16:27,749 --> 00:16:20,800
get into our soyuz capsule and come back

413
00:16:31,189 --> 00:16:29,350
when in space

414
00:16:33,189 --> 00:16:31,199
how can you tell if

415
00:16:36,230 --> 00:16:33,199
when it's day or night and when do you

416
00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:36,240
depend on to know the time

417
00:16:39,990 --> 00:16:37,920
that's that's a good question because

418
00:16:41,910 --> 00:16:40,000
obviously you know we're we're orbiting

419
00:16:44,870 --> 00:16:41,920
the earth every 90 minutes since we see

420
00:16:45,749 --> 00:16:44,880
a sunrise and sunset 16 times a day and

421
00:16:49,269 --> 00:16:45,759
so

422
00:16:52,230 --> 00:16:49,279
always looking out the window but what

423
00:16:55,269 --> 00:16:52,240
we do is we use the greenwich mean time

424
00:16:57,509 --> 00:16:55,279
which is um in in europe

425
00:16:59,110 --> 00:16:57,519
and we have we set our clocks like i

426
00:17:00,790 --> 00:16:59,120
said i set my alarm to get up at six

427
00:17:02,470 --> 00:17:00,800
o'clock in the morning and then we turn

428
00:17:04,069 --> 00:17:02,480
all the lights on and so all the lights

429
00:17:06,549 --> 00:17:04,079
are on in the space station just like

430
00:17:09,110 --> 00:17:06,559
it's daytime and then when it gets to be

431
00:17:11,029 --> 00:17:09,120
bedtime we just we look at our clocks we

432
00:17:12,549 --> 00:17:11,039
know we know what time it is that it's

433
00:17:14,549 --> 00:17:12,559
close to bedtime and we turn all the

434
00:17:16,630 --> 00:17:14,559
lights off in the space station so even

435
00:17:18,390 --> 00:17:16,640
though there might be light outside we

436
00:17:19,909 --> 00:17:18,400
don't have the windows we're not in the

437
00:17:21,990 --> 00:17:19,919
middle of the night we're in our sleep

438
00:17:24,390 --> 00:17:22,000
stations and it's very dark in there and

439
00:17:25,829 --> 00:17:24,400
so so we don't really get that confused

440
00:17:32,150 --> 00:17:25,839
in the middle of the night by what time

441
00:17:36,150 --> 00:17:33,990
okay in the future what would you want

442
00:17:37,750 --> 00:17:36,160
to discover and why

443
00:17:39,270 --> 00:17:37,760
that's a really good question discover

444
00:17:41,029 --> 00:17:39,280
what would you like to discover you know

445
00:17:43,190 --> 00:17:41,039
what i think the best thing about

446
00:17:45,110 --> 00:17:43,200
discoveries is or the neatest thing

447
00:17:46,710 --> 00:17:45,120
about discoveries is

448
00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:46,720
oftentimes we don't know what they are

449
00:17:50,230 --> 00:17:48,640
we can't predict i can't really say i

450
00:17:52,070 --> 00:17:50,240
want to discover this

451
00:17:54,310 --> 00:17:52,080
because what you discover just happens

452
00:17:55,350 --> 00:17:54,320
and that's kind of why it's a discovery

453
00:17:56,710 --> 00:17:55,360
but i think

454
00:17:58,390 --> 00:17:56,720
something that we can help with for

455
00:18:00,549 --> 00:17:58,400
space station is to help people that

456
00:18:02,470 --> 00:18:00,559
have problems and illnesses

457
00:18:04,710 --> 00:18:02,480
and we can play a part with the science

458
00:18:06,950 --> 00:18:04,720
that we're doing on on space station to

459
00:18:08,789 --> 00:18:06,960
help discover some cures for various

460
00:18:10,390 --> 00:18:08,799
diseases that people are having or come

461
00:18:12,549 --> 00:18:10,400
up with medicines to help people that

462
00:18:22,230 --> 00:18:12,559
need help and if i can play a part in

463
00:18:25,990 --> 00:18:24,150
how did newton's laws of motion apply to

464
00:18:28,549 --> 00:18:26,000
space

465
00:18:30,789 --> 00:18:28,559
newton's laws yes they apply a lot

466
00:18:33,430 --> 00:18:30,799
there's a lot of instances um

467
00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:33,440
like if you take an object and put it in

468
00:18:37,669 --> 00:18:35,760
the middle of the space station

469
00:18:39,430 --> 00:18:37,679
and have it so it's not moving relative

470
00:18:41,909 --> 00:18:39,440
to the rest of space station it will

471
00:18:44,470 --> 00:18:41,919
just stay right there until it's acted

472
00:18:47,110 --> 00:18:44,480
on by something else and usually that

473
00:18:49,270 --> 00:18:47,120
something else is ventilation there's a

474
00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:49,280
fan blowing air and that air will push

475
00:18:53,190 --> 00:18:50,880
that thing so things usually will start

476
00:18:55,590 --> 00:18:53,200
to drift but if the ventilation was

477
00:18:57,430 --> 00:18:55,600
turned off and if nobody touched it that

478
00:18:58,950 --> 00:18:57,440
object would just stay right there and

479
00:19:00,630 --> 00:18:58,960
would not move

480
00:19:02,470 --> 00:19:00,640
another thing we deal with when you're

481
00:19:03,909 --> 00:19:02,480
working on something like let's say

482
00:19:05,669 --> 00:19:03,919
you're screwing in a screw with a

483
00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:05,679
screwdriver here on earth your feet are

484
00:19:08,950 --> 00:19:07,440
planted on the ground and you're staying

485
00:19:11,270 --> 00:19:08,960
there from gravity and it's pretty easy

486
00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:11,280
to turn it well in space if you don't

487
00:19:16,470 --> 00:19:13,840
hold on to something as you start

488
00:19:19,270 --> 00:19:16,480
turning that screwdriver you're gonna go

489
00:19:21,270 --> 00:19:19,280
right along with it so so newton's laws

490
00:19:22,710 --> 00:19:21,280
definitely apply and you can see it in a

491
00:19:23,990 --> 00:19:22,720
lot of instances

492
00:19:30,390 --> 00:19:24,000
smart question

493
00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:32,870
where does all the garbage go

494
00:19:36,070 --> 00:19:33,919
on the

495
00:19:37,909 --> 00:19:36,080
international space station

496
00:19:39,990 --> 00:19:37,919
there certainly is a lot of garbage

497
00:19:42,230 --> 00:19:40,000
generated i think we as a human species

498
00:19:44,070 --> 00:19:42,240
generate a lot of trash and we have

499
00:19:47,350 --> 00:19:44,080
vehicles that come up we call them cargo

500
00:19:49,669 --> 00:19:47,360
vehicles and they bring up supplies for

501
00:19:51,350 --> 00:19:49,679
us and then after we unload all the

502
00:19:53,590 --> 00:19:51,360
supplies and the equipment and the food

503
00:19:55,590 --> 00:19:53,600
that it brought for us we've loaded up

504
00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:55,600
with all the trash that we have

505
00:20:00,150 --> 00:19:57,360
and there are a number of these vehicles

506
00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:00,160
and most of them once we load it up with

507
00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:02,640
trash and close the hatches and it goes

508
00:20:06,230 --> 00:20:04,400
away from space station that burns up in

509
00:20:13,750 --> 00:20:06,240
the atmosphere so all of our trash is

510
00:20:19,029 --> 00:20:16,789
have you ever been outside of the iss

511
00:20:21,510 --> 00:20:19,039
i have not i have not had that unique

512
00:20:23,830 --> 00:20:21,520
opportunity but when i was when i was on

513
00:20:25,350 --> 00:20:23,840
space station my colleagues chris and

514
00:20:27,110 --> 00:20:25,360
luca and a couple of my russian

515
00:20:28,390 --> 00:20:27,120
colleagues as well were able to do space

516
00:20:30,470 --> 00:20:28,400
walks

517
00:20:32,870 --> 00:20:30,480
and from what they've told me it's just

518
00:20:35,510 --> 00:20:32,880
it's such an incredible feeling

519
00:20:37,510 --> 00:20:35,520
to go out there where it's just you and

520
00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:37,520
the spacesuit and you're looking through

521
00:20:41,430 --> 00:20:40,000
your visor and

522
00:20:50,549 --> 00:20:41,440
just an incredible feeling i would love

523
00:20:53,590 --> 00:20:52,390
what do the stars and planets look like

524
00:20:55,830 --> 00:20:53,600
in space

525
00:20:57,909 --> 00:20:55,840
the stars and planets are very they look

526
00:20:59,270 --> 00:20:57,919
actually very similar to they to the way

527
00:21:00,789 --> 00:20:59,280
they do when you're on earth but they

528
00:21:02,950 --> 00:21:00,799
seem a little brighter and a little

529
00:21:05,270 --> 00:21:02,960
crisper they don't twinkle the way that

530
00:21:06,870 --> 00:21:05,280
they do on on the earth because on earth

531
00:21:08,470 --> 00:21:06,880
we're looking through our atmosphere and

532
00:21:10,789 --> 00:21:08,480
it just kind of makes everything twinkle

533
00:21:12,789 --> 00:21:10,799
a little bit but from space station

534
00:21:14,230 --> 00:21:12,799
they're very solid and you see a lot of

535
00:21:16,070 --> 00:21:14,240
the colors

536
00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:16,080
in fact i took some pictures of stars

537
00:21:19,510 --> 00:21:17,600
and it really wasn't until i looked at

538
00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:19,520
the pictures that i realized i was

539
00:21:23,270 --> 00:21:21,360
seeing these different colors i saw some

540
00:21:25,110 --> 00:21:23,280
that looked more blue some that looked

541
00:21:26,789 --> 00:21:25,120
more yellow and that just says a lot

542
00:21:28,549 --> 00:21:26,799
about the stars and what they're made of

543
00:21:31,029 --> 00:21:28,559
and where they are in their in their

544
00:21:33,590 --> 00:21:31,039
history and their lifespan

545
00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:33,600
um and there's almost like a depth to it

546
00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:35,200
as well that you can see

547
00:21:38,950 --> 00:21:37,360
um but other than being just a little

548
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:38,960
brighter and a little more distinct in

549
00:21:42,149 --> 00:21:40,720
their colors they look very similar to

550
00:21:43,830 --> 00:21:42,159
the way you see them and the moon does

551
00:21:46,630 --> 00:21:43,840
too right it kind of looks a little the

552
00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:46,640
moon is the moon is very crisp um i

553
00:21:50,070 --> 00:21:48,240
noticed um

554
00:21:52,310 --> 00:21:50,080
in particular that the moon to me looked

555
00:21:54,310 --> 00:21:52,320
smaller from the space station than it

556
00:21:56,070 --> 00:21:54,320
does from on earth and i didn't i didn't

557
00:21:57,590 --> 00:21:56,080
really pick that out until i came back

558
00:21:59,909 --> 00:21:57,600
to earth and i saw the moon i was like

559
00:22:01,270 --> 00:21:59,919
wow it looks so big

560
00:22:04,149 --> 00:22:01,280
and it really looked a little bigger and

561
00:22:05,830 --> 00:22:04,159
i'm not sure exactly why that is but but

562
00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:05,840
it's definitely crisper

563
00:22:14,710 --> 00:22:07,200
from space station but it looks a little

564
00:22:17,510 --> 00:22:16,070
what do you guys do to recycle the

565
00:22:19,590 --> 00:22:17,520
oxygen

566
00:22:20,950 --> 00:22:19,600
how do you do it and what is it called

567
00:22:22,390 --> 00:22:20,960
well that's definitely a very important

568
00:22:24,230 --> 00:22:22,400
thing when we're living in a closed

569
00:22:25,590 --> 00:22:24,240
system like the space station and we

570
00:22:27,669 --> 00:22:25,600
have something we call it the

571
00:22:29,029 --> 00:22:27,679
regenerative life support system and it

572
00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:29,039
doesn't just work with the oxygen it

573
00:22:32,870 --> 00:22:31,120
works with a lot of things and so

574
00:22:35,029 --> 00:22:32,880
basically if you start with the human

575
00:22:37,029 --> 00:22:35,039
being we need a couple definitely need a

576
00:22:38,789 --> 00:22:37,039
couple things we need oxygen to breathe

577
00:22:41,190 --> 00:22:38,799
and we need water to drink as well as

578
00:22:42,789 --> 00:22:41,200
food and other things but

579
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:42,799
and then we'll also give off some things

580
00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:45,120
we give off carbon dioxide and we give

581
00:22:48,870 --> 00:22:46,720
off a little bit of water vapor water in

582
00:22:50,470 --> 00:22:48,880
our sweat and then also urine well what

583
00:22:53,110 --> 00:22:50,480
they do in this regenerative life

584
00:22:55,510 --> 00:22:53,120
support system is they they take the air

585
00:22:57,669 --> 00:22:55,520
that we breathe they can clean out the

586
00:22:58,870 --> 00:22:57,679
carbon dioxide so it's fresh because we

587
00:23:01,350 --> 00:22:58,880
don't want to breathe in that carbon

588
00:23:03,190 --> 00:23:01,360
dioxide and they can they can clean out

589
00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:03,200
the water vapor and then they can

590
00:23:06,710 --> 00:23:05,280
collect that water vapor and our urine

591
00:23:08,870 --> 00:23:06,720
and they can put it through the system

592
00:23:10,149 --> 00:23:08,880
that cleans the water and then we can

593
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:10,159
drink that water

594
00:23:13,750 --> 00:23:12,000
and we can also feed that water to use

595
00:23:15,270 --> 00:23:13,760
for other things and one thing they'll

596
00:23:17,990 --> 00:23:15,280
do with that water is separate the

597
00:23:19,510 --> 00:23:18,000
hydrogen and the oxygen and

598
00:23:21,430 --> 00:23:19,520
basically get rid of the hydrogen and

599
00:23:23,590 --> 00:23:21,440
now we have oxygen and then they can

600
00:23:25,190 --> 00:23:23,600
feed that oxygen back into the fresh air

601
00:23:27,350 --> 00:23:25,200
that we've taken the carbon dioxide out

602
00:23:29,350 --> 00:23:27,360
of and use it all over again so it's a

603
00:23:31,029 --> 00:23:29,360
pretty neat system and it's important

604
00:23:32,710 --> 00:23:31,039
for space station because we can't bring

605
00:23:35,510 --> 00:23:32,720
up fresh water all the time and we can't

606
00:23:36,710 --> 00:23:35,520
bring up fresh oxygen to breed so that's

607
00:23:38,070 --> 00:23:36,720
the that's the way we do it on space

608
00:23:45,510 --> 00:23:38,080
station and it's it's a pretty neat

609
00:23:49,750 --> 00:23:47,350
you need a special type of clothing

610
00:23:51,750 --> 00:23:49,760
while going into space we do wear

611
00:23:53,350 --> 00:23:51,760
special clothing when we launch we're in

612
00:23:55,110 --> 00:23:53,360
a spacesuit and the reason we wear a

613
00:23:56,909 --> 00:23:55,120
spacesuit is because

614
00:23:59,590 --> 00:23:56,919
we can just in case there's a

615
00:24:00,950 --> 00:23:59,600
depressurization of our space capsule we

616
00:24:03,269 --> 00:24:00,960
have a spacesuit that can hold the

617
00:24:04,789 --> 00:24:03,279
pressure and keep us alive and so when

618
00:24:06,950 --> 00:24:04,799
we're launching and then again when we

619
00:24:08,870 --> 00:24:06,960
land we wear a spacesuit but when we're

620
00:24:11,830 --> 00:24:08,880
in the space station we just dress like

621
00:24:14,149 --> 00:24:11,840
this we can dress in a polo shirt and

622
00:24:15,269 --> 00:24:14,159
shorts or a t-shirt or just like you do

623
00:24:16,390 --> 00:24:15,279
at home

624
00:24:17,510 --> 00:24:16,400
well they're giving us a signal that

625
00:24:18,870 --> 00:24:17,520
that's going to wrap it up for us we

626
00:24:20,390 --> 00:24:18,880
want to thank you guys thank you karen

627
00:24:21,990 --> 00:24:20,400
very much and we'll hope you guys have a

628
00:24:23,269 --> 00:24:22,000
great day there in minnesota thanks for

629
00:24:26,470 --> 00:24:23,279
joining us